Weather Factor Effect on the Operation of Airlines in Nigeria Between 2022 and 2024: A Case Study of Selected Airlines in Omagwa International Airport, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Abstract

Air transportation involves the movement of passengers and cargo using aircraft and helicopters, and providing essential connectivity between regions and people. This study examined the effect of weather on flight operations at Port Harcourt International Airport from 2022 to 2024. The research was conducted to determine other factors influencing flight operations aside weather, examine the variability of weather parameters, analyze their effects on flight performance, assess airline operational patterns, and evaluate the relationship between weather conditions and flight incidents. The study utilized survey design and employed only secondary data. Five out of the eight operating airlines were sampled. Data on weather parameters—visibility, thunderstorms, fog, haze, and gusty winds—were obtained from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NIMET), and flight operation records, were sourced from the selected airlines. Findings showed that variability in weather significantly affected flight operations, leading to delays, cancellations, and diversions. A total of 13,429 flights were recorded between 2022 and 2024, with 512 (3.81%) affected by disruptions: 361 (2.69%) due to weather and 151 (1.12%) due to technical issues. Air Peace operated the highest number of flights (26.7%), while Aero had the least (12.1%). Value Jet Airlines experienced the lowest rate of disruptions (0.25%), whereas Air Peace recorded the highest (1.1%). Weather accounted for approximately 22% of operational hitches, with visibility showing the strongest relationship (r = –0.81) with flight operations. The study concludes that both weather and technical issues contribute significantly to flight delays, cancellations, and diversions. Improved weather forecasting, technological upgrades, strengthened aviation regulations, and enhanced crew training are recommended for more efficient flight operations.